Erratum : Introduction to category theory

   

   
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Notes
Note 1 : It is worth adding the following item to the bibliography: Geroch, Robert, Mathematical Physics, The University of Chicago Press, 1985. It is an excellent graduate-level text that shows the utility of category theory in physics.

Note 2: Page 22: Formula (1.7), known as "Cardano's formula," is not as simple as it appears. When q2/4 + p3/27 is positive, it is straightforward, since the two numbers under the cube roots are real and each has a unique real cube root.

But when q2/4 + p3/27 is negative, formula (1.7) is ambiguous. The square root of q2/4 + p3/27 is then a non-real complex number, and so are the two numbers under the cube roots, which are moreover conjugates of one another.

Now, a nonzero complex number has three distinct cube roots, not just one: formula (1.7) is therefore not well-defined without a further specification.

For example, in formula (1.8), which has three real roots, if one takes the so-called "principal" cube root of 2+11i, namely 2+i, formula (1.10) gives x = (2+i) + (2−i) = 4; the other two roots of (1.8), −2−√3 and −2+√3, are obtained using the other determinations of the cube root.

For further details, see a textbook on complex numbers.

 

If you find other errors or typos, thanks to contact André Cabannes: andre.cabannes@gmail.com